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Second Madagascar expedition
The Second Madagascar expedition was a French military intervention which took place in 1894-1895, sealing the conquest of the Merina Kingdom on the island of Madagascar by France. It was the last phase of the Franco-Hova War and followed the First Madagascar expedition of 1883-85.
==Background==
Madagascar was at the time an independent country, ruled from the capital of Antananarivo by the Merina dynasty from the central highlands.〔''Vichy in the Tropics: Petain's National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe ...'' by Eric Jennings p.33 ()〕 The French invasion was triggered by the refusal of Queen Ranavalona III to accept a protectorate treaty from France,〔Musée de l'Armée exhibit, Paris〕 despite the signature of the Franco-Hova Treaty of 1885 following the First Madagascar expedition.〔''France overseas: a study of modern imperialism'' by Herbert Ingram Priestley p.308 ()〕 Resident-general Charles Le Myre de Vilers broke negotiation and effectively declared war on the Malagasy monarchy.〔''The Cambridge history of Africa'' J. D. Fage p.529 ()〕
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